Mumps Vaccine
Vaccine Characteristics
- Comprises live-attenuated virus.
- Available globally primarily as combination vaccine containing measles, mumps, and rubella components.
- Formulated as lyophilized powder requiring reconstitution with sterile diluent.
- Contains no preservatives.
Available Strains And Brands
- Various strains developed and utilized globally.
| Vaccine Brand | Mumps Strain Utilized | Cell Culture Substrate |
|---|---|---|
| Tresivac | Leningrad-Zagreb | Chick embryo fibroblast cells |
| Priorix | RIT 4385 (Jeryl Lynn derivative) | Chick embryo fibroblasts |
| ZyVac | Hoshino | Chick fibroblast cells |
Dosage And Administration
- Standard dose measures exactly 0.5 mL.
- Administered strictly via subcutaneous route.
- Preferred anatomical injection sites include right upper arm or anterolateral thigh.
Storage Guidelines
- Maintain strict cold chain between 2°C and 8°C.
- Protect un-reconstituted and reconstituted vials from light exposure.
- Reconstituted vaccine loses potency rapidly; discard within 4 to 6 hours to prevent bacterial contamination.
Immunization Schedule
- Indian Academy Of Pediatrics recommends three-dose schedule utilizing combination vaccine.
- Universal Immunization Programme currently excludes mumps component, utilizing measles-rubella vaccine instead.
| Dose Sequence | Recommended Age |
|---|---|
| First dose | 9 completed months |
| Second dose | 15 to 18 months |
| Third dose | 4 to 6 years |
Efficacy And Immunogenicity
- Primary seroconversion rates exceed 90%.
- Single-dose clinical efficacy measures only 60% to 90%.
- Single-dose populations experience significant disease outbreaks, necessitating multi-dose schedules for durable protection.
Adverse Effects
- Fever exceeding 39°C occurs 7 to 12 days post-vaccination in roughly 5% recipients.
- Transient parotitis occurs rarely.
- Aseptic meningitis manifests 2 to 3 weeks following administration.
- Meningitis risk correlates directly with utilized strain (Leningrad-Zagreb carries highest risk, followed by Hoshino, Urabe, and Jeryl Lynn).
- Vaccine virus demonstrates no transmission from vaccinees to close contacts.
- Lacks any proven causal relationship with autism, Guillain-Barre syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Contraindications And Precautions
- Strictly contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Avoid in severe immunocompromised states including severe human immunodeficiency virus infection or systemic high-dose corticosteroid therapy.
- Contraindicated following anaphylactic reactions to prior doses or specific vaccine components.
- Precaution required for individuals receiving antibody-containing blood products within preceding 3 to 11 months.