MR and MMR Vaccines
Vaccine Characteristics And Composition
- Live-attenuated viral vaccines.
- Formulated as freeze-dried lyophilized powder requiring reconstitution with sterile diluent.
- Measles component utilizes Edmonston-Zagreb or Schwarz strains.
- Mumps component incorporates L-Zagreb, Hoshino, or Jeryl Lynn derived RIT 4385 strains.
- Rubella component depends on Wistar RA 27/3 strain.
- Each dose maintains minimum 1000 cell culture infective doses of respective viruses.
- Formulations lack preservatives, mandating strict usage timelines to prevent toxic shock syndrome from staphylococcal contamination.
Administration And Storage Parameters
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Dose volume | 0.5 mL. |
| Route | Subcutaneous. |
| Anatomical site | Right upper arm (deltoid insertion) or anterolateral thigh. |
| Storage temperature | 2 to 8 degrees celsius. |
| Light sensitivity | Protect from direct light exposure. |
| Diluent handling | Keep cool; strictly avoid freezing. |
| Reconstitution validity | Discard unused vaccine within 4 to 6 hours. |
Immunization Schedule
Universal Immunization Program
- Utilizes measles-rubella formulation.
- Initial dose administered at 9 to 12 months.
- Second dose administered at 16 to 24 months.
Indian Academy Of Pediatrics
- Endorses measles-mumps-rubella over measles-rubella to mitigate mumps morbidity.
- First dose given at 9 completed months.
- Second dose given at 15 to 18 months.
- Third booster dose administered at 4 to 6 years to boost anamnestic response.
Efficacy And Protection
- Single measles dose provides 84% effectiveness at 9 to 11 months, increasing to 92.5% beyond 12 months.
- Second measles dose induces protective immunity in 95% of primary non-responders.
- Rubella component provides lifelong protection in exceeding 95% of vaccinees.
- Mumps seroconversion exceeds 90%, requiring multiple doses for durable clinical protection.
Adverse Effects And Contraindications
Specific Adverse Reactions
- Measles: Induces mild fever or transient macular rash 7 to 12 days post-vaccination.
- Mumps: Triggers transient parotitis, fever, or rarely aseptic meningitis.
- Rubella: Causes mild rash, transient arthralgia or arthritis in susceptible post-pubertal females, and rare immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
Contraindications And Precautions
- Strictly contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Avoid conception for minimum 1 month post-vaccination.
- Contraindicated in severe immunosuppression, symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection, and malignancy.
- Defer vaccination following recent administration of antibody-containing blood products or immunoglobulins.